A number of species, including love-lies-bleeding (Amaranthus caudatus), prince’s feather (A. hypochondriacus), and Joseph’s coat (A. tricolor), are common garden ornamentals. The plants can be monoecious (flowers of both sexes are on the same individual) or dioecious (each individual produces flowers of a single sex). It is commonly called love-lies-bleeding or tassel flower. Many species have stems with thickened nodes. Forms of Beta vulgaris include fodder beet (Mangelwurzel) and sugar beet. (Chenopodiaceae). [1] Some amaranth species are cultivated as leaf vegetables, pseudocereals, and ornamental plants. Another important use of amaranth throughout Mesoamerica was in ritual drinks and foods. Amaranthus gets its unusual common name from the ropelike deep magenta flower stalks. [3] Amaranth varies in flower, leaf, and stem color with a range of striking pigments from the spectrum of maroon to crimson and can grow longitudinally from 1 to 2.5 metres (3 to 8 feet) tall with a cylindrical, succulent, fibrous stem that is hollow with grooves and bracteoles when mature. It is easy to cook. The genus also contains several well-known ornamental plants, such as Amaranthus caudatus (love-lies-bleeding), a vigorous, hardy annual with dark purplish flowers crowded in handsome drooping spikes. Stems± cylindric, to 4 mm diameter, reddish to green with whitish streaks ± straight on main axis (crystals within cells). In cooked and edible forms, amaranth retains adequate content of several. Biology of amaranths. Another Indian annual, A. hypochondriacus (prince's feather), has deeply veined, lance-shaped leaves, purple on the under face, and deep crimson flowers densely packed on erect spikes. Mosyakin and Robertson 1996 later divided into three subgenera: Acnida, Amaranthus, and Albersia. Amaranth's cosmopolitan distribution makes it one of many plants providing evidence of Pre-Columbian oceanic contact. [39], Amaranth species are cultivated and consumed as a leaf vegetable in many parts of the world. A., Jan, S., & Rashid, I. -, Gudrun Kadereit, Ladislav Mucina, Helmut Freitag (2006): Phylogeny of Salicornioideae (Chenopodiaceae): diversification, biogeography, and evolutionary trends in leaf and flower morphology. [4] Infrageneric classification focuses on inflorescence, flower characters and whether a species is monoecious/dioecious, as in the Sauer (1955) suggested classification. [34] Evidence from single-nucleotide polymorphisms and chromosome structure supports A. hypochondriacus as the common ancestor of the three grain species.[35]. cons., Gomphrenaceae Raf., Polycnemaceae Menge, Salicorniaceae Martynov, Salsolaceae Menge, and Spinaciaceae Menge. A short synoptic list of genera is given here. At least one species, Palmer’s amaranth (A. palmeri), has developed resistance to the common herbicide glyphosate and is a troublesome pest in genetically modified cotton and soybean crops in the United States. Yields are high compared to the seeding rate: 1000 kg or more per hectare. Species across the genus contain concentric rings of vascular bundles, and fix carbon efficiently with a C4 photosyntheticpathway. In Karnataka in India, it is called harive soppu (ಹರಿವೆ ಸೊಪ್ಪು) . The genus is native to Mexico and Central America. [3], The leaves are simple and mostly alternate, sometimes opposite. In Botswana, it is referred to as morug and cooked as a staple green vegetable. cons., Corispermaceae Link, Deeringiaceae J.Agardh, Dysphaniaceae (Pax) Pax nom. There has been opposing hypotheses of a single as opposed to multiple domestication events of the three grain species. (2017). A traditional food plant in Africa, amaranth has the potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable land care.[41]. [6], In the APG IV system of 2016, as in the previous Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classifications, the family is placed in the order Caryophyllales and includes the plants formerly treated as the family Chenopodiaceae. They never possess stipules. Some species have unisexual flowers. A. hybridus, L.) or dioecious (i.e. Some species are succulent. A. arenicola, L.). (2006). Rüdiger Masson & Gudrun Kadereit (2013): Phylogeny of Polycnemoideae (Amaranthaceae): Implications for biogeography, character evolution and taxonomy.
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