[26] In 996 Gregory V became the first German Pope, appointed by his cousin Otto III, whom he shortly after crowned Holy Roman Emperor. [178] Well-known international brands include Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Volkswagen, Audi, Siemens, Allianz, Adidas, Porsche, Bosch and Deutsche Telekom. The majority of migrants live in western Germany, in particular in urban areas. [152] In 2018, military spending was at $49.5 billion, about 1.2% of the country's GDP, well below the NATO target of 2%. [272] German beer purity regulations date back to the 16th century. [200] The German energy transition (Energiewende) is the recognised move to a sustainable economy by means of energy efficiency and renewable energy. German beer consumption per person stands at 110 litres (24 imp gal; 29 US gal) in 2013 and remains among the highest in the world. [196][197][198] The country's household recycling rate is among the highest in the world—at around 65%. [66] A government-sponsored programme for economic renewal focused on public works, the most famous of which was the autobahn. Covering an area of 357,022 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), it lies between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south. [39][40] During the period of the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic era and the subsequent final meeting of the Imperial Diet, most of the Free Imperial Cities were annexed by dynastic territories; the ecclesiastical territories were secularised and annexed. Deutsch is the language that people in Germany speak, if they are speaking German. deutsch (comparative deutscher, superlative am deutschesten) German (of or pertaining to the German people) Meine Mutter ist deutscher Herkunft, aber mein Vater ist Schwede. [169] In 2017, the country accounted for 28% of the Eurozone economy according to the International Monetary Fund.
The Federal Republic of Germany was a founding member of the European Economic Community and the European Union, while the German Democratic Republic was a communist Eastern Bloc state and member of the Warsaw Pact. [209] In 2015, the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs listed Germany as host to the second-highest number of international migrants worldwide, about 5% or 12 million of all 244 million migrants. [269] In 2012 over 99% of all meat produced in Germany was either pork, chicken or beef. [245], German classical music includes works by some of the world's most well-known composers. Although East Germany claimed to be a democracy, political power was exercised solely by leading members (Politbüro) of the communist-controlled Socialist Unity Party of Germany, supported by the Stasi, an immense secret service. The German government sees development policy as a joint responsibility of the international community. East German film was dominated by state-owned film studio DEFA, while the dominant genre in West Germany was the Heimatfilm ("homeland film"). [41], Following the fall of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna founded the German Confederation, a loose league of 39 sovereign states.
[154] Reservists are available to the armed forces and participate in defence exercises and deployments abroad. [4] The chancellor, currently Angela Merkel, is the head of government and exercises executive power through their Cabinet.
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