Her role was to defend the mouth of the Gulf of Finland against the Germans, who never tried to enter, so she spent her time training and providing cover for minelaying operations. [46], Russian naval ship classes of World War I, All dates used in this article are New Style, Erikson, Rolf (1974). The modifications to Parizhskaya Kommuna included replacing the boilers, upgraded guns and anti-aircraft armament, modernized fire control systems and anti-torpedo bulges. Major differences were that her guns and turrets were improved to increase their rate of fire to about two rounds per minutes and to extend their range, she was the first ship of the class to receive light anti-aircraft guns and her forward funnel was given a more sinuous curve to direct its exhaust gases away from the forward superstructure. She completed with only a single 3-inch (76 mm) 30-caliber Lender anti-aircraft (AA) gun mounted on the quarterdeck. Sevastopol and Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya remained on the active list after the end of the war although little is known of their activities. Their designed metacentric height was 1.76 meters (5.8 ft). They could traverse at six to eight degrees per second. [40] Frunze raised on 31 May 1944, towed to Leningrad and scrapped beginning in 1949. The same year, Gangut was laid up because of a lack of manpower. The armour protection extended over most of the hull and also the relatively small superstructure. They were laid down between the years 1909 and 1914, and served in both world wars. The rear transverse bulkhead was unprotected by any other armor but was the same thickness as the forward bulkhead which was defended by the upper belt armor. [12], Sixteen manually operated 4.7-inch (120 mm) 50-caliber Pattern 1905 guns were mounted in the hull in casemates as the secondary battery intended to defend the ship against torpedo boats. Two twin 76.2-mm 81-K mounts were mounted on her quarter deck. She was withdrawn from combat in April as German aerial supremacy had made it too risky to risk such a large target. Two Krylov stadimeters were situated in the lower level of the forward conning tower. By way of comparison the preceding class of pre-dreadnoughts had only cost 11 million rubles each. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk required the Soviets to evacuate their base at Helsinki in March 1918 or have them interned by newly independent Finland even though the Gulf of Finland was still frozen over. [25] The machinery for these ships was built by either the Baltic Works or the Franco-Russian Works as the New Admiralty Shipyard lacked its own engine shop. Her boilers were converted to burn only fuel oil and this produced enough steam that the forward three boilers could be removed and the boiler room was turned into anti-aircraft magazines and control spaces. One of which was claimed by Lieutenant Hans-Ulrich Rudel of III./StG 2 flying a Junkers Ju 87B 'Stuka', that detonated her forward magazine. [6] The return of the captain and the issue of a dinner of tinned meat restored order on the ship. [14] All guns had a firing arc of 125°–30° and at least four could bear on any part of the horizon. The outer compartments each had a high-pressure ahead and reverse turbine for each wing propeller shaft. Poltava was severely damaged by a fire while laid up in 1919. She had a beam of 26.9 meters (88 ft) and a draft of 8.99 meters (29.5 ft), 49 centimeters (1.61 ft) more than designed. [8] Her participation in the Winter War was limited to a bombardment of Finnish 10-inch (254 mm) coast defense guns on 18 December 1939 at Saarenpää in the Beryozovye Islands before the Gulf of Finland iced over. Later in that month Marats bow was blown off and she sank in shallow water after two hits by 2,200 bombs that detonated her magazine. [2], Her main armament consisted of a dozen Obukhovskii 12-inch (305 mm) Pattern 1907 52-caliber guns mounted in four triple turrets distributed the length of the ship. [22], Underwater protection was minimal as there was only a single watertight bulkhead, presumably of high-tensile steel, behind the upwards extension of the double bottom. The two ships of the Baltic Fleet did not play a prominent role in the Winter War, but did have their anti-aircraft guns significantly increased before Operation Barbarossa in 1941. She was sent for repairs at the Ordzhonikidze Yard on 23 October, although she was hit by more bombs on two different occasions while under repair until November 1942. The barbettes were 150 mm thick above the upper deck, but reduced to 75 mm behind other armor, except for the fore and aft barbettes which only thinned to 125 mm.
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