World History Edu © 2020. Explain how the deity Horus became the king of Egypt and Osiris became king of the underworld.
Bunson notes that “the mysteries recounted the life, death, mummification, resurrection, and ascension of Osiris” (198). The final destination of a dead soul was decided by a panel of three judges called Minos, Aeacus, and Rhadamanthys. Osiris, of course, was the central figure of these celebrations but, in time, the focus shifted to his wife, Isis, who had actually saved him from death and returned him to life. All rights reserved. The worship of the great god Osiris provided for that need just as people’s religious beliefs do today. (Egyptian Museum, Turin). His worship spanned thousands of years from shortly before the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3150-2613 BCE) to the Ptolemaic Dynasty (323-30 BCE), the last dynasty to rule Egypt before the coming of Rome.
The city of Abydos was his cult center and the necropolis there became the most sought-after burial ground as people wanted to be buried as close to the god as they could get. And although he is considered one of the twelve Olympian gods, he rarely stayed on Mt. Osiris was not an Underworld ( Duat) deity to be feared. Images of Osiris as a living god depict him as a handsome man in royal dress wearing the crown of Upper Egypt as a plumed headdress known as the atef and carrying the crook and flail, symbols of kingship. Olympus and Poseidon’s vast oceans pales in comparison to the wealth in Hades. By about 2400 bce, however, Osiris clearly played a double role: he was both a god of fertility and the embodiment of the dead and resurrected king. All other Egyptian gods were finally seen as aspects of the mighty Isis and in this form, her cult traveled to Greece, to Phoenicia, to Rome and throughout the Roman Empire. Osiris was actually the King of the Earth prior to becoming “Lord of Duat”. It is also possible that Osiris was worshipped in some form in the Predynastic Period of Egypt (c. 6000-3150 BCE) and probably that he originated at that time. Olympus. All the Egyptian symbols and images which made up the Pyramid Texts on the walls of tombs were meant to remind the soul of the deceased what to do next once they arrived in the afterlife. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Osiris’ festivals were held to celebrate the beauty of the god and his transcendent power but also his death and rebirth. The king’s appearance as modeled after Osiris’ extended throughout his reign; the famous flail and shepherd’s staff, synonymous with Egyptian pharaohs, were first Osiris’ symbols as the flail represented the fertility of his land while the crook symbolized the authority of his rule. Learn about the Osiris Shaft, a symbolic tomb of the god Osiris that is near the pyramid of Khafre, near Giza, Egypt. The name `Osiris’ is the Latinized form of the Egyptian Usir which is interpreted as ‘powerful’ or ‘mighty’. In the Middle Kingdom (1938–c. Hades only collected and lorded over the dead souls. But then his brother Seth murdered him out of jealousy… and although Isis, together with other helpful deities, tried to restore her beloved husband, he could only be revived on earth for a day and then had to become the Osiris of the Underworld. In Egypt, ingratitude was a kind of “gateway sin” which opened the individual up to all others. The statue was carried through the city in a circuit and finally placed in an outdoor shrine where he could be admired by his people and also participate fully in the festivities. The goddess Isis was the mother of the king and was thus the mother of Horus and consort of Osiris. Osiris, also called Usir, one of the most important gods of ancient Egypt.The origin of Osiris is obscure; he was a local god of Busiris, in Lower Egypt, and may have been a personification of chthonic (underworld) fertility.By about 2400 bce, however, Osiris clearly played a double role: he was both a god of fertility and the embodiment of the dead and resurrected king. King Seti I holding his flail before Osiris, god of the underworld, with Horus behind him; carving in the temple of King Seti I, Abydos, Egypt. All Rights Reserved. The idea that rebirth in the next life could be gained by following Osiris was maintained through certain cult forms. When Set murdered the king, the country plunged into chaos and order was only restored with the victory of Horus over Set.
After Isis, Osiris was the most popular and enduring of all the Egyptian gods.
On his head was the atef-crown, composed of the white crown of Upper Egypt and two ostrich feathers. Although this festival was primarily held at Abydos, it was also celebrated at other cult centers dedicated to Osiris throughout Egypt such as Bubastis (which was another very important cult center), Busiris, Memphis, and Thebes. According to the form of the myth reported by the Greek author Plutarch, Osiris was slain or drowned by Seth, who tore the corpse into 14 pieces and flung them over Egypt. Your email address will not be published.
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