Had the Germans succeeded this could have dealt a decisive blow to the Allied war effort. Michael had drawn British forces to defend Amiens, leaving the rail route through Hazebrouck and the approaches to the Channel ports of Calais, Boulogne and Dunkirk vulnerable. The First World War: A Complete History. Grave of Iron Age warrior discovered in West Sussex, REVIEW - A short history of the American Civil War. Also, this outcome would persuade the Americans to seek a negotiated settlement with the Germans. Lieutenant-Colonel Victor Odlum. Ludendorff ended Georgette on 29 April. On April 5 Ludendorff suspended the offensive. The German Spring Offensive of 1918 was the last effort by Germany to win the war, and its failure meant that the Central Powers had effectively lost. It was, however, of little value; a Pyrrhic victory in terms of the casualties suffered by the crack troops, as the vital positions of Amiens and Arras remained in Allied hands. The German Spring Offensive stalled for a variety of reasons including inadequate supplies, stubborn Allied defensive tactics, an over-reliance on German Stormtroopers, and the German military overestimation of their offensive capabilities. Ludendorff hoped that this second attack, on the British left wing, would break the BEF or at least cripple it sufficiently to allow him to shift back to the south and finish the job. The Stormtroopers were the elite forces of the German army. Haig also underestimated the threat there. Paschall, Rod. The Germans launched a brutal artillery assault on their positions, and the Portuguese Division fled. reconnaissance units. The Germans had once again made a tremendous advance but had been unable to exploit it, and they occupied a deep salient that was difficult to supply and hold. The Germans relied heavily on artillery; their 5,263 guns faced only 1,422 British and French guns. [11] Once again the German advance stalled and they were not able to push towards Paris. [25], The German attack took place on 27 May, between Soissons and Reims. Ludendorff now prepared for one additional offensive against the French, which led to the Second Battle of the Marne during July 15–18. They suffered as well from British aircraft attacks against their troops in the open. Defeating the British, Ludendorff believed, would force France to give up. First, Ludendorff failed to set out clear objectives. American forces were only slowly arriving in France, and they needed extensive training. The allies had also suffered many losses, but these were made alleviated by reinforcements from the United States. The Germans wanted to drive a wedge between the British and the French. [29] Ludendorff sought to extend Blücher-Yorck westward with Operation Gneisenau, intending to draw yet more Allied reserves south, widen the German salient and link with the German salient at Amiens. They hoped that by defeating the British that they would seek peace terms with Germany and after capitulating, the French would be forced to negotiate with Berlin. From 9 April to 15 July, the Germans carried out four more offensives. Day after day, it was the same thing. Still, Ludendorff committed a major error in not transferring more men. He retained 1 million soldiers in the East. The 1918 Spring Offensive, or Kaiserschlacht ("Kaiser's Battle"), also known as the Ludendorff Offensive, was a series of German attacks along the Western Front during the First World War, beginning on 21 March 1918. We then look at the reasons for the failure of the offensive by using a source and complete some exam practice using a 16 mark ‘to what extent do you agree’ question with guidance. "[1] On the face of it, Germany and the Central Powers were in a strong position in early 1918. Haig unfairly made Gough the scapegoat and removed him from command. Then the enemy would be ready to shell us out. Ultimately more troops had to be sent West in any case so that by the end of the war the Germans had only 500,000 million men in the East.
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