McCarter, P. Kyle. The Osmanya alphabet was devised for Somali in the 1920s by Osman Yusuf Kenadid, and the forms of its consonants appear to be complete innovations. Creation of the English alphabet is generally credited to the Sumerians and the Mesoamericans. All of the names of the letters of the Phoenician alphabet started with consonants, and these consonants were what the letters represented, something called the acrophonic principle. Among alphabets that are not used as national scripts today, a few are clearly independent in their letter forms. The first fully phonemic script, the Proto-Canaanite script, later known as the Phoenician alphabet, is considered to be the first alphabet, and is the The modern English alphabet is a Latin alphabet consisting of 26 letters, each having an upper- and lower-case form.
Both sequences proved remarkably stable among the descendants of these scripts. Mainly through Phoenician, Hebrew and later Aramaic, three closely related members of the Semitic family of scripts that were in use during the early first millennium BCE, the Semitic alphabet became the ancestor of multiple writing systems across the Middle East, Europe, northern Africa and South Asia. (estimated between 1850 and 1700 B.C. The word alphabet is a compound of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, alpha and beta. McCarter, P. Kyle. Two scripts are well attested from before the end of the fourth millennium BCE: Mesopotamian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs. However, several Phoenician consonants were absent in Greek, and thus several letter names came to be pronounced with initial vowels. The Greek language was originally written from right to left, but eventually changed to boustrophedon (literally, turning like oxen)—where the direction of writing alternated with every line. Changes to a new writing medium sometimes caused a break in graphical form, or make the relationship difficult to trace. B.L. Some modern authors distinguish between consonantal scripts of the Semitic type, called "abjads" since 1996, and "true alphabets" in the narrow sense,[6][7] the distinguishing criterion being that true alphabets consistently assign letters to both consonants and vowels on an equal basis, while the symbols in a pure abjad stand only for consonants. One modern national alphabet that has not been graphically traced back to the Canaanite alphabet is the Maldivian script, which is unique in that, although it is clearly modeled after Arabic and perhaps other existing alphabets, it derives its letter forms from numerals.
The Phoenician and Aramaic alphabets, like their Egyptian prototype, represented only consonants, a system called an abjad.
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