Many Red Finland supporters fled to Russia at the end of the war and during the period that followed.
More than 11,000 people died in such camps due to hunger, disease, and executions. On the left, the vanguard of the war of 1918 was the most radical urban Red Guards and Workers' Security Guards from Helsinki, Kotka and Turku; they led the rural Reds, and convinced those leaders of the Social Democrats who wavered between peace and war to support revolution.
The White victory was formally declared on 16 May. [15], In the end, the political struggle for democracy was solved outside Finland, via international power politics; the Russian Empire's failed war against Japan led in 1905 to revolutionary upheaval in Russia and to general strike in Finland.
At this moment, Lenin and the Bolsheviks, under threat in Petrograd, urged the Social Democrats to seize power in Finland, but the majority of the latter were moderate and preferred parliamentary methods, prompting Lenin to label them “reluctant revolutionaries.” When the general strike appeared to be successful, the “Workers' Revolutionary Council” voted by a narrow majority to seize power on November 16 at 5:00 a.m. The Finnish Civil War was a part of the national and social turmoil caused by World War I (1914–1918) in Europe.
), by Veijo Meri "The events of 1918" (Finnish language: Vuoden 1918 tapahtumat The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed between Russia and Germany on 3 March, effectively restricted the Bolsheviks' ability to support the Finnish Red Guards with anything more than weapons and supplies. The elimination of these strongholds was a priority for both armies during February 1918. [34], The Red Guards seized the early initiative in the war, taking control of Helsinki, the Finnish capital, in the early hours of January 28, and gaining first advantage with an "attack phase" that lasted till mid-March. The bill also furthered Finnish independence by restricting Russia's influence on domestic Finnish affairs: the Provisional Government of Russia would determine only the foreign and military policies of Finland.
Both political groups, therefore, agreed on the need for Finnish sovereignty, despite strong disagreement on the selection of its leadership.
Both armies used child soldiers, mainly between 14 and 17 years of age, the most famous example being Urho Kekkonen who fought for the White Army and later became the longest-serving President of Finland. The policy of the German leaders had been to foment unrest or revolution in Russia in order to force the Russians to sue for peace. The main motives for volunteering were economic factors (salary, food), idealism, and peer pressure.
The Tribunal did not meet all the standards of neutral justice, due to the mental atmosphere of White Finland after the war. Both sides resorted to take-no-prisoner tactics, but the White terror, lawless field court-martials, and local victors’ retributions proved to be notably grimmer with over 10,000 victims.
Influenssaepidemia 1918–1920". On 15 January, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, a former, competent, general of the Imperial Russian Army, was appointed supreme commander of the White Guards, and on 25 January the Senate renamed the White Guards the Finnish White Army. The Far-Left Communist Party had very little to no support in the Finnish parliament. The eastern parts of the city, with wooden buildings, were destroyed completely. "[88], The war of 1918 led also to disintegration within both socialist and the non-socialist factions.
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