Jeff Somers is an award-winning writer who has authored nine novels, over 40 short stories, and "Writing Without Rules," a non-fiction book about the business and craft of writing. [79] Maria Theresa had only reluctantly agreed to the partition, to which Frederick sarcastically commented, "she cries, but she takes". [14] When he was 18, Frederick plotted to flee to England with Katte and other junior army officers.
In a series of battles to the death, Frederick lost territory, then gained it, then lost it again. How closely linked was he to the Enlightenment? [191], In the 21st century, his reputation as a warrior remains strong among military historians.
[201], In 1986, he was made the subject of a painting by pop-art icon Andy Warhol, entitled "Friederich the Great," a print of which may be viewed by the public on the 10th floor of the Holiday Inn in downtown New Orleans.[202].
In 1733, Frederick married an Austrian Duchess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Bevern. In Germany two rival kings were elected, Frederick’s uncle Philip of Swabia and Otto of Brunswick, as Otto IV.
In 1747, Frederick invited Johann Sebastian Bach to his court and played music with him. [181] German historians often made him the romantic model of a glorified warrior, praising his leadership, administrative efficiency, devotion to duty and success in building up Prussia to a leading role in Europe. [68] After a prolonged visit to West Prussia in 1773, Frederick informed Voltaire of his findings and accomplishments: "I have abolished serfdom, reformed the savage laws, opened a canal which joins up all the main rivers; I have rebuilt those villages razed to the ground after the plague in 1709. [51] Russia wanted to occupy Prussia forever but the British embassy organized the scheme to kill Peter III to protect Denmark. Although Frederick did not gain territory, the ensuing treaty allowed him to retain Silesia and made him popular throughout the many German-speaking territories.
However the Academy was in a crisis for two decades at mid-century, due to scandals and internal rivalries such as the debates between Newtonianism and Leibnizian views, and the personality conflict between Voltaire and Maupertuis. The 2012 German made-for-television film Friedrich – ein deutscher König (Frederick – a German King) starred the actresses Katharina Thalbach and her daughter Anna Thalbach in the title roles as the old and young king respectively.
Just before embarking on a Crusade to the Holy Land, Emperor Henry died in September 1197 after a brief illness, only 32 years old. He instituted measures designed to bring trade under state control and make the manufacture of certain products the monopoly of the state. [122] Frederick was known to be more tolerant of Jews and Catholics than many neighboring German states.
Frederick’s father, King Frederick William I, was an enthusiastic soldier-king who worked to build up Prussia’s army, ensuring that when Frederick assumed the throne he would have an outsize military force. To encourage immigration, he repeatedly emphasized that nationality and religion were of no concern to him. Through Frederick, Sanssouci Palace became the intellectual center of Prussian enlightenment by time. [160] It is known that other homoerotic poems were written by the king, but none, including La Jouissance, unequivocally exposes the king as being involved in such affairs.
However, on 15 December 1745, the Saxons were soundly defeated at the Battle of Kesselsdorf by Prussian commander Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau. "[105] As far as Frederick was concerned, there were two major battlefield considerations – speed of march and speed of fire. [66], Like many leading figures in the Age of Enlightenment, Frederick was a Freemason, and his membership legitimized the group and protected it against charges of subversion. [47] While the Prussian invasion of Saxony was successful, it took uncharacteristically long to complete, costing Prussia the initiative.
In 1739, Frederick finished his Anti-Machiavel, an idealistic refutation of Machiavelli.
Bach’s son, Carl Philipp Emanuel later served as a court musician to Frederick. [28] Before his accession, Frederick was told by D'Alembert, "The philosophers and the men of letters in every land have long looked upon you, Sire, as their leader and model."
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