Deep-sea life forms include sea bass, yellowfin tuna, barracuda, and several types of whale. [217] According to the USDA in 2011, the three largest California agricultural products by value were milk and cream, shelled almonds, and grapes.[218]. As in other American states, many of the native inhabitants were soon forcibly removed from their lands by incoming American settlers such as miners, ranchers, and farmers. California has hundreds of other private colleges and universities, including many religious and special-purpose institutions. [86] As a result of these efforts, California is regarded as a world center of the entertainment and music industries, of technology, engineering, and the aerospace industry, and as the United States center of agricultural production. However, Democrats have won all of California's electoral votes for the last seven elections, starting in 1992. In addition, amphibians such as the water puppy and redwood salamander are common too. The state's trend towards the Democratic Party and away from the Republican Party can be seen in state elections. [51] The establishment of the Spanish systems of government and social structure, which the Spanish settlers had brought with them, also technologically and culturally overwhelmed the societies of the earlier indigenous peoples. [246], The state has been a pioneer in road construction.
California groups also were diverse in their political organization with bands, tribes, villages, and on the resource-rich coasts, large chiefdoms, such as the Chumash, Pomo and Salinan. [133][134] The Greater Los Angeles Area is the 2nd-largest metropolitan area in the United States, after the New York metropolitan area, while Los Angeles, with nearly half the population of New York City, is the second-largest city in the United States. On August 5, 1950, a nuclear-capable United States Air Force Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber carrying a nuclear bomb crashed shortly after takeoff from Fairfield-Suisun Air Force Base. [131], Within the Western hemisphere California is the second most populous sub-national administrative entity (behind the state of São Paulo in Brazil)[132] and third most populous sub-national entity of any kind outside Asia (in which wider category it also ranks behind England in the United Kingdom, which has no administrative functions). [157] More than half of illegal immigrants originate from Mexico. At the time of California's admission into the Union, travel between California and the rest of the continental United States had been a time-consuming and dangerous feat. The Port of Oakland, fourth largest in the nation, also handles trade entering from the Pacific Rim to the rest of the country. [99][100] It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east and northeast, Arizona to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and it shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California to the south (with which it makes up part of The Californias region of North America, alongside Baja California Sur). The California Department of Motor Vehicles is by far the largest in North America. The California High-Speed Rail Authority was created in 1996 by the state to implement an extensive 800-mile (1,300 km) rail system. Eleven butterflies are also endangered[120] and two that are threatened are on the federal list. From 1952 through 1988, California was a Republican leaning state, with the party carrying the state's electoral votes in nine of ten elections, with 1964 as the exception.
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